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Bahasa Melayu · Explaining a Malay-language correction

Choosing ialah or adalah

Ialah and adalah both feel formal, so you pick one and hope.

Ialah and adalah are not interchangeable. The right one depends on what follows it, and you can read that off the sentence in a few seconds.

This is the second lesson in the set on explaining a Malay-language correction. The previous one covers di as a prefix and a preposition.

What do you check before choosing?

Look at the words that come straight after. Ialah links the subject to a noun or noun phrase that names or defines it. Adalah is used before “untuk”, an adjective phrase or a phrase with a preposition.

What follows Use Example
A name, person or thing ialah Ketua kelas kami ialah Farid.
untuk + verb adalah Tujuan program ini adalah untuk melatih pelajar menulis.

Worked example: two original sentences

Both sentences below use the wrong word.

Ketua kelas kami adalah Farid. Tujuan program ini ialah untuk melatih pelajar menulis.

Sentence 1. After the word comes “Farid”, a name. A name is a noun, so the word must be ialah: Ketua kelas kami ialah Farid.

Sentence 2. After the word comes “untuk melatih…”, a phrase that states a purpose. That takes adalah: Tujuan program ini adalah untuk melatih pelajar menulis.

The written reasons follow the same pattern: “A name follows, so ialah is used” and “A purpose phrase with untuk follows, so adalah is used.”

The mistake that costs marks

The slip is to pick the word that feels more formal. A student might write “adalah” everywhere in an essay because it looks serious. The marker sees the wrong word before a name, and the explanation has nothing to stand on.

Choosing by structure gives a reason you can write down. Choosing by feel gives none.

Check yourself

Decide whether each sentence needs a change and explain why.

  1. Hadiah pertama adalah sebuah basikal.
  2. Pengetua baharu kami ialah Puan Rohani.
  3. Matlamat kumpulan ini ialah untuk mengutip sampah di pantai.
Answer
  1. Change to ialah. “Sebuah basikal” is a noun phrase that names the prize: Hadiah pertama ialah sebuah basikal.
  2. No change. A name follows, so “ialah” is correct.
  3. Change to adalah. “Untuk mengutip…” states a purpose: Matlamat kumpulan ini adalah untuk mengutip sampah di pantai.

What to study next

Continue with correcting a borrowed English construction without changing the intended claim. Note each ialah and adalah slip in the mistake log and paper-error review.

In online one-to-one Bahasa Melayu tuition, a teacher can ask you what follows the word each time until you do it without thinking.

Common questions

What is the quickest test?

Look at what comes after the word. If a noun or a name follows, such as a person, place or thing, use ialah. If untuk, an adjective or a prepositional phrase follows, use adalah. Checking the next word takes a second.

Can I leave out adalah completely?

A sentence can read better without it, especially before an adjective: Pemandangan itu indah. In a correction task, though, do not delete it unless the task asks you to rewrite. If it is present and correct, leave it.

Does a longer sentence change the rule?

No. A long subject does not change what follows the word. Find the word that comes straight after ialah or adalah and apply the same test, ignoring the length of the subject before it.

If you choose between ialah and adalah by feel, a one-to-one BM teacher can ask what follows the word each time until the test becomes automatic. Tell us the form and the sentences that catch you out.

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