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Chemistry chapter guide

SPM Chemistry: rate of reaction

You can list what speeds up a reaction, but explaining it from a graph is harder.

The rate of reaction tells you how quickly a reaction goes, and the lessons here link three things: what a graph shows, why particles react faster or slower, and how to compare experiments fairly.

This section is part of SPM Chemistry. It connects to thermochemistry through energy diagrams.

How do the parts connect?

The lessons follow a chain of four skills.

  1. Read an average or instantaneous rate from a graph.
  2. Explain why a factor changes the rate using collision theory.
  3. Compare two graphs fairly, changing one variable at a time.
  4. Interpret an activation-energy diagram to see why a catalyst works.

The first skill gives you the numbers, and the others give you the reasons.

One short example

A student collects 40 cm³ of gas in the first 50 seconds. The average rate is 40 ÷ 50 = 0.80 cm³ s⁻¹.

Later, only 10 cm³ is collected in the next 50 seconds, giving an average of 0.20 cm³ s⁻¹. The rate fell because the reactant was being used up. That single comparison already links a graph reading to a particle explanation.

Who should start where?

Choose the lesson that matches the gap you notice most.

Your difficulty Start with
Finding a rate from a graph or a tangent calculating average and instantaneous rates from graphs
Explaining a factor in words explaining factors using collision theory
Comparing two experiments comparing rate graphs fairly
Energy diagrams and catalysts interpreting activation-energy diagrams

When the four feel steady, mix them in the rate of reaction practice set.

To have a teacher connect the graphs and the theory with you, see online one-to-one Chemistry tuition.

Common questions

Where should I start in rate of reaction?

Start with reading rates from graphs if calculations are the problem, or with collision theory if explanations are the problem. The two lessons on fair comparison and energy diagrams build on both.

What is the rate of reaction?

It is how fast reactants are used up or products are formed. You measure it as a change in quantity over time, for example cm³ of gas per second or g of product per minute.

Why does the graph get flatter?

The reactants are being used up, so collisions become less frequent and the rate falls. When a reactant is fully used, the graph becomes horizontal and the reaction has stopped.

How do I explain the effect of a factor?

Link the factor to the frequency of effective collisions. For example, higher concentration means more particles in the same volume, so more collisions per second, so a higher rate.

If graphs and theory feel like two separate topics, a one-to-one Chemistry teacher can connect them using the student's own questions.

  • Online one-to-one lessons for your child with an experienced teacher.
  • Your first class is a one-hour trial, from RM50. The fee is agreed before you book.
  • Happy with the teacher? Continue with lessons of about 1.5 hours. If not, ask for another teacher.